The effect of public education policies on maternal education and child health has long been discussed by economists, and many studies have been conducted in an attempt to identify the mechanisms through which child health is affected. This paper examines the impact of China’s compulsory schooling law (CSL hereafter) on the likelihood of teenage pregnancy and abortion. We find that women exposed to CSL significantly less likely get pregnant during their teenage years and are more likely to perform prenatal examinations. Interestingly, their abortions are more likely to be performed following a prenatal examination, which suggests that CSL decreased teenage pregnancy and the delivery of unhealthy/abnormal babies. The results show that abnormal screening tests are important compliments of maternal education in terminating high-risk pregnancy. In addition, without considering the drop of teenage pregnancy and delivery of unhealthy babies, the channels documented in the prior literature could be overestimated.