Population mobility is one of the survival strategies of families in underdeveloped countries. However, it is selective, and the poorest families are often forced to stay behind and are unable to benefit from this population flow. Although the Chinese economy has increased over the past 30 years, poverty has continued in some areas, especially remote rural areas. Returning migrant workers have accumulated human capital, corporeal capital, and social capital in their migrations. They can use their own experience and capabilities to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, promote rural economic development, and help rural areas get out of poverty.