Economic inequality in China, as elsewhere in the world, has grown rapidly in the past 30 years. This has created serious challenges for economic development and social stability, and has become an important issue in academic research. However, past studies investigating inequality in China were often conducted independently, analyzed data with different sample representativeness, and used different measurements and analytical methods. Because of these and other factors, the Gini coefficients published by Chinese government and other academic institutions vary greatly and we still do not have an accurate estimate of the scope of economic inequality in China. Not only does this limit our capability to empirically investigate the causal mechanisms of the increasing economic inequality, it also prevents us from making sound scientific predictions about future developments in economic inequality. Capitalizing on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this project will collect its own data and assess China's economic inequality more accurately, exploring the casual mechanisms, and predicting future developments. Results from these analyses will provide important policy implications for China’s economic development. We will then move on to investigate other substantive questions concerning inequality, such as the current poverty level, the level of intergenerational mobility, and so on.